Being overweight and obesity are increasing in South Africa and worldwide, with the World Health Organisation says obesity has nearly tripled since 1975.
In 2016, 39% of adults aged 18 years and more than 1,9 billion people were overweight, and 13% (650 million people) were obese.
Obesity is not just a cosmetic concern – it’s a medical problem that increases the risk of many other serious diseases and health problems, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, high blood pressure, certain cancers and susceptibility to viral infections. Usually, obesity results from inherited, physiological and environmental factors, combined with diet, physical activity and exercise choices. “The good news is that personalised treatments tailored to patients’ genetic profiles make it easier to recommend diet and lifestyle changes to manage weight,” said Helen Gautschi, research and education manager at DNAlysis Biotechnology, one of the country’s premier genetic testing laboratories.
“Understanding the genetic components of obesity for each patient provides insight into which diet type (low carbohydrate, low fat, or Mediterranean diet), would be most suitable for the individual according to their unique genetic make-up.”
Gautschi explained there is not one solution when it comes to weight loss. Genetics is a strong contributing factor to obesity and its comorbidities, with genetic factors accounting for between 25% and 70 % of the body weight variability between people. For example, there is a link between certain gene variants and the sweet tooth, with some people genetically attuned to crave sweet sustenance. How we deal with stress, respond to food cues, control our appetite, break down and remove toxins – all these facts have a genetic component to them.”
Because there is no one diet or way of eating that is correct for everyone, so genetic testing is helpful for anyone who is trying to lose weight, has struggled to lose weight in the past, has tried many different diet types without success or wishes to optimise their macronutrient distribution for improved weight management. DNA testing also facilitates obesity prediction and prevention.
Genetics is an important piece of the puzzle that should not be overlooked,” Gautschi said. “Studies show dietary intake and nutrition knowledge is greatly improved in individuals who have received personalised nutrition advice. “We have also seen it easier for people to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle when they know which food and exercise choices are best for them. The motivation to change behaviour is much stronger because there’s greater confidence the personalised plan will work for them.”
